Indeed, the Vikings themselves thought that these symbols, that they also used for the mundane such as commerce and politics, carried magical powers.. Read on to learn more about the origins of the Nordic runes, the meanings of individual . 0 . Looking for Norse fonts? Gothic, google_ad_height = 90; Abstract. Type t= for . Alt + click a button to copy a singl IN STOCK NOW. Along with Medieval and Anglo-Saxon runes! Old Norse and Norwegian are related languages: Old Norse is the ancestral language from which Norwegian is derived. See the detailed instructions on the ALT Code How To for complete information on implementing the code. The symbol marks the 246 most common words in the sagas. You will learn about the different written sources and what they can teach us about pre-Christian religion in northern Europe in the Viking Age. For instance, if you want Icelandic is currently spoken in Iceland and Faroese is a minority language of the Faroe islands, currently part of the country Denmark. Aalrr konungr m King thelred II (the unready) of England, af prep [w dat] from; out of, of, by; off (of); with; adv off, away, afbrag n outstanding example; afbrag eira manna allra the most outstanding of all those men, afbrigi n deviation, transgression, offense, afl n physical strength, might, power; rammr at afli extremely strong, afreksmar m outstanding or exceptional man, afskipta adj indecl cheated; cut off (as from inheritance), aka vb (VI) to drive, ala vb (VI) togive birth to; bring up, raise (children), aldr <-rs, -rar> m age; lifetime; old age; long period of time; vera vi aldr be on in years, old, alin f Old Icelandic ell (about half a yard); unit of value, typically of woolen cloth, alla str m acc pl, f acc sg; wk m acc/dat/gen sg, f acc sg, n all sg of allr, Al(l)fr (also Alfair and Alfr) <-s> m All-father, father of all, Odin, allr adj pron all, entire, whole, all over, allt adv completely, entirely; everywhere; allt til Orkneyja all the way to the Orkney Islands; allt til ess right up to that point; allt upp undir right up under, almenning (also almenningr, m) f common land, pasture; general public; conscription, ala f all the people, the majority of the people, the public, the common people, ambtt (also ambtt) f handmaid, maidservant, annarr adj/pron one of two, other, another; ord second; annarr annarr conj one the other; different, aptann m evening, aptr adv back, again, argr adj cowardly, effeminate, (passively) homosexual, Ari <-a> m Ari (personal name) Ari fri Ari the Learned, armr adj poor, unfortunate, unhappy; vile, wretched, wicked, askr <-s, -ar> m ash, ash tree; ash spear; small ship; the great ash tree, Yggdrasill, Assurr (also zurr) <-s> m Assur (personal name), at prep [w dat] at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, atall adj fierce, aggressive, Atall <-s> m Atal, name of a Viking (personal name), atburr <-ar, -ir> m occurrence, event; af essum atburi because of this incident, atgrvif and n ability, talent, accomplishment; at atgrvi in ability (esp physical), atgrvimar (also atgervimar) m man of accomplishments, atlaga f attack; laying ships alongside for attack, atrr m rowing towards, rowing against, augari comp adj of auigr richer, wealthier, augastr superl of auigr richest, wealthiest, auigr (also auugr) adj rich, wealthy; auigr at f wealthy, auka vb (VII) toincrease, augment; [w dat] add; exceed, surpass, ausa vb (VII) topour, sprinkle; ausa [e-n]/[e-t] [e-m] sprinkle [sb/sth] with [sth]; ausa bt bail a boat, Austmar (pl Austmenn) m person from the east, Norwegian, austr <-rs, superl austastr> n east; adv eastward, austrfr f (usu in pl) travels to the east, Austri m Austri (personal name)East, one of the dwarves holding the sky, Austrlnd n pl the eastern lands; eastern Europe; Russia and the Orient, austrvegr <-s, -ir> m the east, i.e., the Baltic, lit the eastern way; fara austrveg trading or raiding in the Baltic or journeying east and south down the rivers of Russia, auvirismar m worthless wretch, wretched man, prep [w acc] onto, on, towards (motion); with respect to; [w dat] on; upon; at; in (position); morgun tomorrow, r adv before; already; earlier; r en conj before, until, gtr adj excellent, grip n collection, compendium; ltill gripum small of size, kafliga adv exceedingly, very; vehemently, impetuosly, lim Ali (personal name); old shortening for leifr~lfr, lptanes n Alptanes (place name), Swans Headland, rsll adj fortunate as to the seasonal harvest; allra konunga rslstr of all kings the most harvest-fortunate, rslstr superl adj of rsll most fortunate in the harvest, rvnn adj promising a good seasonal harvest, sbjrn m Asbjorn (personal name), sgarr m Asgard, home, residence or fortress of the gods, sgerr f Asgerd (personal name), sj f help, aid, protection; inspection; appearance, shape, ss m god; sir pl one of the two major groups of gods, st f love, affection (frequently used in plural with same meaning), strr <-ar> f Astrid (personal name) Estrid, tt 2sg pres of eiga; ppart of eiga (n nom/acc sg), tta num eight, t(t)jn num eighteen, valt (also of allt) adv alwaysvanr adj only in n and the phrase [e-s] er vant [sth] is wanted, needed, Balli (also Baldi) m Balli (personal name), band band, cord; the act of binding; pl bands, fetters; poet gods, bardagi m fight, battle; beating, thrashing, bar n brim of a helmet or hat; verge or edge of a hill; prow of a ship, barr n foliage, often needles (of pine, etc. When looking up a compound word, go to the initial element of the compound. Old Norse, For example, the verb kn, has no infinitive form in any of the manuscripts. papi m pope; priest; name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived. To this day, the regional distribution of the language can still be seen in the similarities between Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish. Over time, . Junicode Font Palemonas MUFI- Comprehensive and Includes bold/Italic Quivira Font- Also very comprehensive Andron Scriptor Web MUFI Fonts Page Windows ALT Codes Online English keyboard to type a text with the special characters of the Old English alphabet. The Scandinavian-specifc variants are called FUTHARK, getting the name from the first letters of their alphabet (F, U, , A, R, K). We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or information about the inflection. Need ideas for an evening of connection community. In Glosbe you will find translations from English into Old Norse coming from various sources. Once the U.S. International keyboard has been activated, you can use the codes below. Old Norse was a North Germanic language once spoken in Scandinavia, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and in parts of Russia, France and the British Isles and Ireland. The language spoken by the Scandinavians who settled in England is typically referred to as 'Old Norse' and, used in this way, refers to the language of Viking settlers from both Denmark and Norway. Frisian (North), Dismiss, Old Norse Vocabulary: The 246 Most Common Words, Viking Age Iceland: A Story of Contradictions, Viking Language 1: Audio Lessons 1-8 (Pronounce Old Norse, Runes and Icelandic Sagas), Viking Language 1: Audio Lessons 9-15 (Pronounce Old Norse, Runes and Icelandic Sagas). AD 1000. The dictionary form, kn, is the 1/3 sg (first and third person) present: kn defective pret-presvb tobe able to, can; could. Gronings, For other uses, see, "" redirects here. mankai duckweed amazon; mushroom spores washington state. The first application is fully devoted to Old Norse. For all other verbs the dental (-t-, -d-, or --) is given with the ending for 3sg past and ppart, for example mla <-ti, -tr> vb to speak. 4. If you have a vintage computer and want to pair it with a compatible old keyboard, or if you simply like the mechanical feel of these typing accessories, you can look for affordable PC peripherals on eBay. The Old Norse dictionary below (from Viking Language 1) compiles everything you need to read the sagas in their original language. old norse keyboard. The earliest known inscriptions in Scandinavia date from the the 2nd century AD and were written in Runes mainly on stone, or on personal artifacts such as brooches and swords. //-->. Thor also has a carriage that flies. Fwendly_Mushwoom 7 yr. ago 3/4 " and other gibberish. Because thorn (/) eth (,) are used in modern Icelandic, many common fonts listed below already contain these characters. Letter of the Latin alphabet; used in Icelandic, Faroese, and Old English, "Edh" redirects here. http://www.hi.is/~haukurth/norse/ Getting to know some of the main types or features of reasonably . . Futhark eventually got replaced with Latin letters when the Nordic countries became Christians. Hann hamar gan. Let's find out! Swedish, It is also the language in which the sagas and the majority of the primary sources for Scandinavian mythology are written. For the cryptocurrency, see, IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters, IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters, "Chapter 25: Typography and the printed English text", "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS", "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS", List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eth&oldid=1136830250, Articles containing Old English (ca. categories. Some entries are labeled defective, meaning they lack a full set of forms in the extant sources. While Old Norse was the language that connected the people of Scandinavia during the Viking Age, the international nature of the Nordic countries at that time would have required polyglots they didn't always raid first and ask questions later. 11. Been a fan of water other than regular old water or Silicon Valley Skie in uilie so som i himmalan so oh bo iordanne. The in the name of the letter is devoiced in the Nominative and Accusative cases []. At the end of words as well as within words when it's followed by a voiceless consonant, is devoiced to []. https://notendur.hi.is/haukurth/norse/olessons/lesson1.php GMK NORSE. Zeelandic, Languages written with the Latin alphabet. Rune Keyboard | Heathen Designs Runic Keyboard (for PC) Designed by Sveinn Ullarson, this digital keyboard is easy to download and install onto any Windows PC. travels, abroad, cybercaf, mail, email, messages, PC, computer, keyboard. Pressed keys will thus be recognized and replaced by the character corresponding . This was especially useful in Viking-inhabited northern England, where both flatr and rogg (rugged) terrain are often shrouded in fok, and oppressed by gustr of wind and lagr (low) sk (clouds). There are no extra functions that can confuse you. Using the Norse Dictionary The alphabetical order is: a, , b, d, , e, , f, g, h, i, , j, k, l, m, n, o, , p, r, s, t, u, , v, y, , x, z, , , , / . Hear the Lord's Prayer in Old Icelandic (not quite the same as the above text, but similar): Information about Old Norse | Moreover, a mere table would not be enough to write in Old Norse with runes, it takes a whole tutorial to learn how to do that the way it might have been done on a Viking Age runestone ca. T rikia ar it oh mahtan oh harlihheten i ewihhet. Jules William Press was founded in 2013 to address the needs of modern students, teachers, and self-learners for accessible and affordable Old Norse texts. At the end of the alphabet, and are listed separately, while and are listed together. A study of Mercian royal diplomas found that (along with ) began to emerge in the early 8th century, with becoming strongly preferred by the 780s. Alsatian, Norse mythology refers to the Scandinavian mythological framework that was upheld during and around the time of the Viking Age (c. 790- c. 1100 CE). rr ok vagn er flgr. Note: The Old Norse code only work in Word for Windows. The numerous verses found in the Hvaml were collected from different sources, with some date back to the 10th century. In this game, you will be able to solve two problems: study Old Norse, as well as translate words. Old Norse Fonts For the more unusual Old Norse manusciript characters (not all of which are listed here), you may need a specialized font such as the ones listed below. Old Norse is an important and well-attested source of medieval Germanic literature. Hence for landnmsmar look under land-; and for fyrirbja look under fyrir-.Defective Words. Today there are between 500 and 1000 people in Denmark who believe in the old Nordic religion and worship its ancient gods. Vikings came from Scandinavia and spoke a language called Old Norse. This is the name of a legendary Danish king, the same one who is featured in the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf with the name Hrogar. Icelandic and Faroese are Scandinavian languages descended from Old Norse. Use ALT plus the decimal version of any code to input it into a Windows document. This tribal font is meant to be used for headlines, titles, logos, posters, etc. Old Norse is the medieval language of Iceland and Norway and a descendant of the language spoken by the Vikings. Keyboard contains symbols of Elder Futhark Younger Futhark Big Old Keyboard is, as its name indicates, a large, old-school keypad for Android devices. ; indef pron each, every, all; geyja at hverjum manni, bark at each man, hvert adv to where, whither; hvert er whithersoever, hvetja vb (3) to whet, sharpen; encourage, hvtr adj white, hyggja vb (3) to think, believe; hyggja at [e-u] look at, consider [sth], hylja vb (3) to bury, cover over, conceal, hide, Hyrrokkin f Hyrrokkin, a giantess killed by Thor, htta <-tti, -tt> vb [w dat] (2) to risk, stake, hgri comp adj of hgr right; on the right; the right hand, hla <-di, hlt> vb (4) [w dat] to praise, flatter, boast of, hfingi m leader; chieftain; captain, hfn f holding, possession; harbor, hfu n head, hgg n blow, stroke, chop; beheading, execution, hggva vb (VII) to strike (a blow), chop, hack, hew, hggvi 3sg/pl subjunct of hggva; dat sg of hgg, hll f hall, hnd f hand; af hendi [e-s] on behalf of [sb], Hra-Kntr <-s> m Horda-Knut (personal name), Hskuldsstair m pl Hoskuldsstadir Hoskulds Farmstead (place name), Httr m Hott (personal name) Hood (the Masked One), illa adv badly, ill, illr adj bad, evil, Ingibjrg f Ingibjorg (personal name); Ingibjrg Hrgeirsdttir ins hvta Ingibjorg, daughter of Hrodgeir the White, Ingjaldr <-s> m Ingjald (personal name); Ingjaldr tryggvi Ingjald the True, inn adv in, into (motion toward), inna <-ti, -tr> relate, tell; inna til [e-s] make mention of [sb], innan prep [w gen] within; inside, indoors; innan adv from within, outward, innanlands adv within the land, at home (as opposed to abroad), prep [w acc] into (motion); during (time); [w dat] in, within, at (position), jafna <-a-> vb (1) to smooth, even out, tidy, trim; make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna [e-u] til [e-s] liken [sth] to [sth], jafnberr adj equally exposed, naked, or unprotected, jafndjpvitr adj as deep-witted, as deep-scheming, as resourceful, Jafnhr m Just-as-High, one of three interrogators of King Gylfi, jartegn n token, evidence, proof (of a thing), Jfrr f Jofrid (personal name), jl n pl Yule, Yuletide, great midwinter feast in heathen times, later applied to Christmas, Jtland n Jutland (place name); Jtlandshaf Jutland Sea, Kattegat, jkull m glacier; ice; icicle, jr f earth; land, ground, Jr f Earth, as goddess and mother of Thor, JrmungandrmJormungand, name of the Midgard Serpent, the world serpent, jtunn m giant, kaall m cable, twisted rope, kala vb (VI) impers [w acc] to freeze, kanna <-a-> vb (1) to search, explore, find out about; to know, recollect; kannask vi [e-t] recognize [sth], karl <-s, -ar> m man; old man; orsteinn karl old Thorstein, old man Thorstein, Kri Slmundarson m Kari Solmundarson (personal name), kenna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to know, recognize; feel; attribute; teach, kennimar <-manns, -menn> m priest, cleric; lit teacher, ketill m kettle, cauldron, pot, Kjallandi f Kjallandi, a giant killed by Thor, kjsa vb (VII) to choose, Kjtvi m Kjotvi (personal name); Kjtvi inn augi Kjotvi the wealthy, klaka <-a-> vb (1) to titter, chatter (as birds), Klakk-Haraldr <-s> m Klakk-Harald (personal name), KlifshagimKlifshagi (place name), Cliff Meadow, klfa vb (I)to climb, kljfa vb (II) to cleave, split, kn defective pret-pres vb tobe able to, can; could, kneyfa <-i, -r> vb (2) to drink in large gulps, Kntr <-s> m Knut (personal name); Kntr inn rki, King Canute the Great, knja vb (3) to knock (at the door); press, urge on, compel, force; knjask mid struggle on, knrr m ship; merchant vessel, koma vb (IV) to come; koma at come to, arrive; koma at [e-u] come across, arrive at [sth]; koma samt me eim they agreed; koma endr at regain; komask mid make ones way, kostr m choice; opportunity; match; state, condition; cost, expense; at rum kosti else, otherwise, krs f delicacy, dainty (of food), krefja vb (3) to crave, claim, demand; krefja [e-t] [e-s] demand [sth] of [sb], krjpa vb (II) to creep; crouch, Krossavk f Krossavik, Cross Bay or Inlet, presumably an inlet where a cross was erected, a farmstead, kumbl n burial monument, mound or cairn (frequently used on Danish and Swedish rune stones in the plural), kunna pret-pres vb to know, understand; to be able orcan do sth, know how to; feel (an emotion), kunnigr adj known; wise; versed in magic, kussari m corsair (corsairs were pirates who operated along the Barbary Coast of North Africa), kvnga <-a-> vb cause (a man) to marry; kvngask mid marry (of a man), take a wife, kvngar ppart of kvnga(m nom sg), married (of a man), kvea vb (V) to speak, say; recite verse; kvea fix, determine; kvea vi reply; kveask mid say of oneself; declare, kveld n evening; at kveldi at nightfall, kvelda <-a-> vb (1) [impers] to become evening, Kveld-lfr <-s> m Kveld-Ulf, Night Wolf (personal name); Kveld-lfsson Son of Kveld-Ulf, kyn n kin; kindred, family descent group, kr f cow, krtr m short, stocky man (nickname), kttr m cat, landnmsmar m settler, lit land-take-man (the term refers to both women and men), landsmar m countryman, inhabitant or native of a country, landsrttr m the law of the land, customary rights, langeldar m pl long fires (down the middle of a hall), langfegar m pl forefathers, ancestors (through the fathers line), langr adj long (of distance and time), Laufey f goddess, known only as mother of Loki, laug f bath; hot spring, lausafnmovable property, chattels, possessions, as opposed to lands or even to land and cattle, lausung f lying, falsehood, Laxrdalr m Laxardal, Salmon River Valley, lta vb (VII) to let, allow, permit; put, place, set; behave; lta fram let go, yield, hand over; lta sem pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if; [w infin] have something done; ppart dead, deceased, leggja vb (3) to lay, place, put; appoint, fix; stab, thrust; leggja impose; leggja fr withdraw; leggja spnu smash into pieces; leggja til attack (by stabbing); leggja til baraga attack; leggja til [e-s] me [e-u] attack [sb] with [sth]; leggja undir sik conquer; lfit leggja lay down ones life; leggjask mid lay, set oneself; leggjask [e-t] prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc), fall upon, attack [sth]; leggjask nir lay oneself down; leggjask t set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw), leggr <-jar, -ir> m leg; leggr ok lir every limb, leifa <-i, -r> vb (2) to leave, leave as heritage; to leave behind, abandon, relinquish, leika vb (VII) to play; leika sr play, leita <-a-> vb (1) [w gen] to seek, search for; proceed on a journey, leka vb (IV) to drip, dribble, leak, lemja vb (3) to maim, lendr adj describes one who has received a grant of land from a king, landed; lendr mar landholder, lengi adv long, for a long time, lengr comp adv of lengilonger (time), for a longer time, lengra comp adv of lengi longer (distance), farther, lengst superl adv longest, for the longest time, lesa vb (V) to gather; read, leyfa <-i, -r> vb (2) [w dat] to permit, allow, leyna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to hide, conceal; leynask mid hide oneself, be concealed; leynask burt steal away, leave, Lttfeti m Light-Foot (mythological name) horse of the sir and jtunn name, lir m joint, lifa <-i, lifat> vb (4) to live; to be left; to burn, to be lively (of fire); to kindle; lifa vi [e-t] to live on [sth], feed on [sth], liggja vb (V) to lie; be situated, Livsteinn <-s> m Livstein (personal name), la vb (I) to pass (usu of time); la at draw toward (of time); sem lei at jlum as time passed toward Yule, lf (also lfi) n life; lfit leggja lay down ones life, lka <-a-> vb (1) impers [w dat subj] to like, be pleasing (to one), lknsamastr superl adj of lknsamr most merciful, lkr adj like, resembling; probable; promising, lna f bowline, rope; line; bridal veil, (see also ln), Lnakradalr <-s> m Linakradale (place name), Valley of Linen Fields, lta vb (I) to look; lta [e-t] look at [sth]; mid ltask [e-m] appear (seem) to [sb], ltill adj little; litla hr for a little while; litlu sar(r) a little later, lj vb (3) [w gen] to lend; lj [e-m] [e-s] lend [sb] [sth], ljahttr m Chant-meter, type of verse, ljsta vb (II) to strike; ljsta hel to strike into hel [the realm of the dead], ljga vb (II) to lie, tell a lie; fail, lobrk also lobrkkr f shaggy/hairy-breech(es) (nickname); Ragnar Lobrkkr/Lobrk Ragnar Hairy Breeches [nickname from wearing pants made of hide] legendary hero of Ragnars saga lobrkkar/lobrkar, lok n lock, bolt; pl end; lia und(ir) lok die; til loks completely, lfi m palm of the hand; holr lfi open palm, lund f manner; mind, temper; essa lund in this manner, lfafrough, thick, matted hair; original nickname for Haraldr hrfagri [Fairhair]; see Haraldr, lka vb (II) [w dat] to close; end, conclude; shut, lta vb (II) to bend down, bow; lean, lykill m key, lysta <-ti, -tr> vb impers (2) [w acc subj] to desire, intend, wish to, lsa <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to light up, illuminate; proclaim, announce; impers shine, beam; lsa [e-u] proclaim [sth]; lsir af honum light shines from him, lgbergnlaw-rock (where the law was recited), mar m man; person, human being, makligr adj fitting, proper, becoming; deserving, mala vb (VI)to grind, mannbroddr m a crampon with iron attached to shoe for traction on ice; spike, manngi (also mangi) pron no man, nobody, margbreytinn adj fickle, capricious, unpredictable, margr adj [w sg] many a; [w pl] many, marka <-a-> vb (1) to mark, draw; fix; mark as ones property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; infer, observe; ar eptir mtt marka fegr hans accordingly, you can judge his beauty, mgr <-s, -ar> m brother-, father-, or son-in-law; kinsman, ml n speech, narrative, talk; language; saying; deliberation, discussion; case, matter, affair; [leg] suit, action, case, mli m contract, terms, agreement; ganga mla totake service as a soldier with a leader, mlmfeti (also mlfeti) m name for a horse; mlmfeti varrar horse pulled by an oar (kenning for ship), mlugr (also mligr) adj talkative, mnur (also mnar) m month, mr m gull, sea-gull, mstallrmstall of the sea-gull (kenning for sea), mttigr (also mttugr) adj powerful, mighty, me prep [w acc] with (in the sense of bringing, carrying, or forcing); [w dat] with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); sigla me landi sail along the coast; adv as well, with it, meal (also meal, meal)prep [w gen] among, between, mega pret-pres vb can, may; be able, meia <-ddi, -ddr> vb (2) to injure, hurt, damage; meiask mid become injured, hurt, damaged, meiri comp adj of mikill bigger, greater, more, men n necklace; pl treasures, merki n boundary; banner, standard; token, mark, sign, mestr superl adj of mikill biggest, tallest, greatest, meta vb (V) to evaluate, value; set a price, Michael ktalakts m Michael katalaktus (personal name), Mifjarar-Skeggi m Skeggi of Midfjord (personal name), MigarrmMidgard, the Middle Enclosure, Middle Earth, MigarsormrmMidgard Serpent, the serpent Jrmungandr that encircles the earth, mila <-a-> vb (1) to share, hand out; mila [e-t] vi [e-n] share [sth] with [sb], mir adj middle, mir-aptan m middle evening, six in the evening, mikill adj big, tall, great; much, very; mikill fyrir sr powerful, strong, mikinn adv hard, fast (m acc sg of adj mikill), Miklagarr m Miklagard (place name) the Great City, Constantinople, capital of the Greek Byzantine Empire; spelled in some editions Mikligarr, milli(also millum, milli and milli) prep [w gen] between, minna <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to remind; minna [e-n] [e-s] remind [sb] of [sth]; impers minnir mik I remember; mid [w gen] minnask remember, call to mind, minni comp adj of ltill littler, less, smaller, minnstr superl adj of ltill least, smallest, Mmisbrunnr m Mimisbrunn, the Well of Mimir, morginn (also morgunn) m morning; morginn tomorrow, mir f mother, murtt fkinsfolk on the mothers side of the family, mr m moor, heath, mti (also mti and mti) prep [w dat] towards; against; contrary to; in return, mttaka f resistance, defense, counter-attack; til mttku to a defense, to counter-attack, muna pret-pres vb toremember, call to mind, munu pret-pres vb will, shall; to be sure to, must (probability); would, must (in past tense), Mspellsheimr m Muspellsheim, the Land of Fire, Mrkjartan <-s> m Myrkjartan (personal name), mrr f moor, bog, swamp, mla <-ti, -tr> vb (2) to say, speak; leg mla eptir [e-t]/[e-n] take up the prosecution for [sth]/[sb] (who was murdered or wronged); mla vi [e-n] speak to or with [sb], say to [sb]; mla me [e-m/e-u] recommend [sb/sth], mr f maid, girl, virgin, Mrr f region in West Norway, mgr m son, boy, Mrr m Mord (personal name), nau(r) f need, difficulty, distress; tla [e-t] til naua [e-m] intend [sth] as harm to [sb], n vb (2) [w dat] to reach, catch, overtake; get, obtain; [w inf] be able to, ntta <-a> vb (1) to become night, grow dark, nean adv from below, from beneath; without motion beneath, underneath, nefna <-di, -dr> vb (2) to name, call; mention [e-r nom] er nefndr [sb] is mentioned, nema vb (IV) to take; claim land; hear; learn, nema conj except, save, but; [w subjunct] unless, n conj nor; hvrkin neithernor; nn notnor, nir m son, kinsman, relative through marriage, Niflhel f Niflhel, Dark Hel, place for some dead, Nhggr m Nidhogg, the serpent which dwells in the spring Hvergelmir, ntjn num nineteen, njsn f news; spying, scouting, looking out, njta vb (II) to enjoy, Njrr m Njord, god of the sea, one of the Vanir, Normar m Northman, Norseman, Norwegian, Norri m Nordri (mythological name) North, dwarf who supports the heavens, Norrlnd n pl the Northern countries or region, Scandinavia, Nregr (also Norvegr or Noregr) <-s> m Norway, lit northern way or norvegr, norn f norn, one of the three fates; one of various supernatural females who shape peoples fates, Natn n Njords home, lit precinct of ships (na), i.e., sea, see Njrr, Nregr (also Noregr or Norvegr) <-s> m Norway, ntt (also ntt) f night; of nttina during the night, nr prep [w dat] near; adv almost, nearly; hv nr conj when; comp adv nearer, nst superl adv nearest, next; v nst thereupon, nkkurr adj pron any, anybody; some, a certain, of prep [w acc/dat] over, [of time] in, during; [w acc] of, about; adv too, ofan adv from above, down; downwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of; [w gen] above the surface of, ofan til prep [w gen] down (from above) to, opt adv often, or n word; repute, fame, report; ru ori at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word, Orkneyjar f pl the Orkney Islands (place name), Ormr <-s> m Orm (personal name); Ormr inn augi Orm the Wealthy, ormr--auga n Snake-in-the-Eye (nickname), orrosta f battle; til orrostu to or for battle, orrostumar(pl orrostumenn) mwarrior, man of battle, otrgjldnpl wergeld, ransom, or compensation for a dead otter, Otters ransom, dll adj difficult, quarrelsome, stubborn, al n ancestral property, patrimony, allodium, property held in allodial tenure, r adj frantic; furious, vehement, jafnaarmar m an overbearing, unjust individual, lfr <-s> m Olaf (personal name); lfr pi Olaf the Peacock, r (also r) prep [w dat] out of, from, from inside of; made of, skorinn ppart uncut, unshorn, trligr adj unbelievable; unpredictable;suspicious, tta f last part of the night before dawn, pallr mstep; raised platform along the side(s) of a hall.
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